{
  "updated": "2026-09-21",
  "disclaimer": "Ranges are literature / plant-reported wt% on a dry (or stated) basis. They are not guarantees. Moisture, ash, reactor, heating rate, vapour residence time and contaminants move the split.",
  "feedstocks": [
    {
      "id": "wood-slow",
      "name": "Woody biomass — slow",
      "class": "biomass",
      "technique": "slow",
      "temp": "400–600 °C",
      "tmin": 400, "tmax": 600,
      "oil": [20, 35], "char": [30, 40], "gas": [25, 40],
      "note": "Long solid residence (minutes–hours). Char is the design product.",
      "src": "MDPI Energies 17:5082 (2024); Processes 14:1321 (2026)"
    },
    {
      "id": "wood-fast",
      "name": "Woody biomass — fast",
      "class": "biomass",
      "technique": "fast",
      "temp": "450–550 °C",
      "tmin": 450, "tmax": 550,
      "oil": [50, 75], "char": [10, 20], "gas": [10, 25],
      "note": "High heating rate, vapour residence typically <2 s. Clean wood, small particles.",
      "src": "MDPI Energies 17:5082 (2024); Processes 14:1321 (2026)"
    },
    {
      "id": "wood-flash",
      "name": "Woody biomass — flash",
      "class": "biomass",
      "technique": "flash",
      "temp": "600–1000 °C",
      "tmin": 600, "tmax": 1000,
      "oil": [60, 80], "char": [5, 15], "gas": [10, 20],
      "note": "Lab/pilot. Heating rates 10³–10⁴ °C/s. Highest liquid envelopes are not plant-typical.",
      "src": "MDPI Energies 17:5082 (2024); Sustainability 17:7806 (2025)"
    },
    {
      "id": "waste-wood",
      "name": "Untreated waste wood",
      "class": "biomass",
      "technique": "mixed",
      "temp": "literature mix",
      "tmin": 400, "tmax": 700,
      "oil": [28, 54], "char": [16, 36], "gas": [17, 49],
      "note": "ACS 2024 inventory: mean 0.41 / 0.26 / 0.33 kg/kg (liquid/char/gas) ± large SD.",
      "src": "ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2024, inventory of 67 UW datasets"
    },
    {
      "id": "sludge-500",
      "name": "Sewage sludge / biosolids @ 500 °C",
      "class": "sludge",
      "technique": "slow",
      "temp": "500 °C",
      "tmin": 500, "tmax": 500,
      "oil": [35, 45], "char": [35, 45], "gas": [15, 25],
      "note": "Bench continuous unit ~40 / 40 / 20 wt%. PFAS mostly leave the char; gas must be oxidised.",
      "src": "Bamdad et al., Processes 10:2187 (2022)"
    },
    {
      "id": "sludge-700",
      "name": "Sewage sludge / biosolids @ 700 °C",
      "class": "sludge",
      "technique": "slow",
      "temp": "700 °C",
      "tmin": 700, "tmax": 700,
      "oil": [28, 38], "char": [25, 35], "gas": [32, 42],
      "note": "~30 / 33 / 37 wt%. Higher T shifts mass to gas. Char PFAS often non-detect.",
      "src": "Bamdad et al., Processes 10:2187 (2022)"
    },
    {
      "id": "hdpe",
      "name": "HDPE",
      "class": "plastic",
      "technique": "thermal",
      "temp": "450–550 °C",
      "tmin": 450, "tmax": 550,
      "oil": [70, 93], "char": [0, 10], "gas": [5, 20],
      "note": "Random scission. Virgin/clean HDPE can exceed 90% liquid; mixed waste is lower.",
      "src": "ChemistryOpen 2021; reviews 2023–2026"
    },
    {
      "id": "ldpe",
      "name": "LDPE",
      "class": "plastic",
      "technique": "thermal",
      "temp": "450–550 °C",
      "tmin": 450, "tmax": 550,
      "oil": [70, 85], "char": [0, 10], "gas": [10, 25],
      "note": "Similar to HDPE; more branching can raise gas slightly.",
      "src": "Plastic pyrolysis reviews 2023–2026"
    },
    {
      "id": "pp",
      "name": "Polypropylene (PP)",
      "class": "plastic",
      "technique": "thermal",
      "temp": "450–550 °C",
      "tmin": 450, "tmax": 550,
      "oil": [70, 92], "char": [0, 10], "gas": [5, 20],
      "note": "Often the highest industrial oil among polyolefins. Optimum commonly ~450–500 °C.",
      "src": "PP circular-economy reviews; Calero et al. 2023"
    },
    {
      "id": "ps",
      "name": "Polystyrene (PS / EPS)",
      "class": "plastic",
      "technique": "thermal",
      "temp": "400–500 °C",
      "tmin": 400, "tmax": 500,
      "oil": [65, 97], "char": [0, 12], "gas": [3, 20],
      "note": "Depolymerisation to styrene-rich oil. Microwave/catalytic lab yields can exceed 90%.",
      "src": "Calero et al. 2023; microwave tables in catalysis reviews"
    },
    {
      "id": "pet",
      "name": "PET",
      "class": "plastic",
      "technique": "thermal",
      "temp": "400–510 °C",
      "tmin": 400, "tmax": 510,
      "oil": [25, 40], "char": [15, 40], "gas": [25, 52],
      "note": "Poor liquid fuel feedstock. Prefer mechanical recycling. Sublimation/benzoic acid issues.",
      "src": "Singh et al.; ChemistryOpen; 2026 plastic pyrolysis review"
    },
    {
      "id": "pvc",
      "name": "PVC",
      "class": "plastic",
      "technique": "thermal",
      "temp": "300–500 °C",
      "tmin": 300, "tmax": 500,
      "oil": [5, 15], "char": [10, 25], "gas": [50, 80],
      "note": "Do not co-feed untreated. HCl evolution, corrosion, chlorinated organics. Dechlorinate first.",
      "src": "Industry consensus; microwave PVC liquid ~3% in one table"
    },
    {
      "id": "mixed-polyolefin",
      "name": "Mixed PE/PP (sorted)",
      "class": "plastic",
      "technique": "thermal",
      "temp": "450–550 °C",
      "tmin": 450, "tmax": 550,
      "oil": [40, 75], "char": [5, 20], "gas": [10, 30],
      "note": "Industrial envelope. Contamination, PET/PVC and long vapour time cut oil.",
      "src": "Kintek synthesis; 2026 Fuel review"
    },
    {
      "id": "tires-tsa",
      "name": "ELTs, steel-free (typical)",
      "class": "tire",
      "technique": "slow/auger",
      "temp": "450–600 °C",
      "tmin": 450, "tmax": 600,
      "oil": [40, 50], "char": [30, 40], "gas": [10, 20],
      "note": "Tyre Stewardship Australia 2024. Whole tyre: add ~15% steel; oil 35–45%.",
      "src": "TSA pyrolysis review v1.1, May 2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "tires-auger",
      "name": "Truck tires, auger (pilot vs 400 kg/h)",
      "class": "tire",
      "technique": "auger",
      "temp": "450 / 550 / 775 °C profile",
      "tmin": 450, "tmax": 775,
      "oil": [39, 46], "char": [38, 46], "gas": [15, 19],
      "note": "Pilot 43.7 / 40.5 / 16.2; semi-industrial 41.5 / 41.5 / 17.6 wt%.",
      "src": "Energy & Fuels 38:17087 (2024)"
    },
    {
      "id": "tires-pyrum",
      "name": "Pyrum moving-bed (industrial)",
      "class": "tire",
      "technique": "moving bed",
      "temp": "500–750 °C",
      "tmin": 500, "tmax": 750,
      "oil": [33, 37], "char": [43, 47], "gas": [18, 22],
      "note": "Reported ~35% TPO, 45% rCB, 20% TPG. Electrical heating. ≥1 h solids.",
      "src": "Green Chemistry 27:670 (2025) Pyrum process description"
    },
    {
      "id": "tires-vacuum",
      "name": "Tires — vacuum pyrolysis",
      "class": "tire",
      "technique": "vacuum",
      "temp": "350–400 °C",
      "tmin": 350, "tmax": 400,
      "oil": [45, 55], "char": [30, 35], "gas": [10, 15],
      "note": "Plus 10–15% steel. Lower T, reduced secondary cracking.",
      "src": "Frontiers in Energy Research 2024 review"
    },
    {
      "id": "lib-electrolyte",
      "name": "LIB electrolyte (LiPF6 carbonates)",
      "class": "battery",
      "technique": "low-T / vacuum",
      "temp": "100–300 °C",
      "tmin": 100, "tmax": 300,
      "oil": [0, 5], "char": [0, 5], "gas": [90, 100],
      "note": "Not an oil process. Solvents volatilise; LiPF6 → HF/POF3 if wet/hot. Vacuum drying avoids HF.",
      "src": "ACS Omega 2025 black mass; Duesenfeld vacuum patents 2025"
    },
    {
      "id": "lib-pvdf",
      "name": "PVDF binder in black mass",
      "class": "battery",
      "technique": "pyrolysis",
      "temp": "450–700 °C",
      "tmin": 450, "tmax": 700,
      "oil": [0, 10], "char": [80, 95], "gas": [5, 15],
      "note": "Goal is binder kill, not oil. PVDF decomposes ~420–540 °C, releasing HF. Scrub to CaF2.",
      "src": "JECE 2025 fluorine organics; industrial 450–550 °C 1–3 h"
    },
    {
      "id": "lib-nca",
      "name": "NCA cells, Ar pyrolysis then water leach",
      "class": "battery",
      "technique": "pyrolysis + leach",
      "temp": "600 °C / 120 min",
      "tmin": 600, "tmax": 600,
      "oil": [0, 5], "char": [90, 98], "gas": [2, 10],
      "note": "Product is black mass + Li2CO3. 63.6% Li by water leach at optimum 600 °C.",
      "src": "J. Sustainable Metallurgy 2026, NCA study"
    },
    {
      "id": "lib-nmc",
      "name": "NMC black mass, carbothermal",
      "class": "battery",
      "technique": "carbothermal",
      "temp": "550–630 °C / 60 min N2",
      "tmin": 550, "tmax": 630,
      "oil": [0, 5], "char": [90, 98], "gas": [2, 10],
      "note": "~63% Li at near-neutral pH vs 21% untreated; Ni/Co/Mn <1–6% dissolved.",
      "src": "Waste Management 212:115339 (2026)"
    },
    {
      "id": "asbestos",
      "name": "Cement-asbestos (ACM) thermal inerting",
      "class": "mineral",
      "technique": "calcination (not organic pyrolysis)",
      "temp": "900–1100 °C",
      "tmin": 900, "tmax": 1100,
      "oil": [0, 0], "char": [70, 80], "gas": [20, 30],
      "note": "Mass loss is water/CO2 from hydrates and carbonates (~25% to 800 °C). Product is forsterite/enstatite, not char/oil.",
      "src": "JTAC 2024; Minerals 15:609 (2025); Fibers 13:62 (2025)"
    }
  ]
}